The Three Kinds of Conservatives

[Need personal advice of a political nature? Or political advice of a personal nature? Send your question to Stumped. Questions may be edited.]

Dear Stumped,

What is the difference between the "Republican establishment" and the "conservative wing" of the party? Is it merely a difference between conservatives with ideas and conservatives with money?

Thanks,

Inselman Slaper

Dear Slaper,

Timely question. There are three strands of Republican conservative: social, economic and foreign-policy.

What we think of as the "establishment" is mainly dominated by economic conservatives. They tend to hang out at country clubs, and when they venture into houses of worship, they go Episcopalian. Social conservatives, which include evangelicals, tend to hang out in churches, and when they venture into a sporting event, they go Nascar. But everyone is united by foreign policy hawkishness.

The reason Republicans can't stop pining for the Reagan presidency is because those years united the three conservative strands like never before. Today, the Republican coalition is in disarray, thanks in part to the wrenching fight over immigration reform, which pitted the party's business establishment (led by President Bush) against the social conservative base.

John McCain is a perplexing riddle. He is as hawkish as they come on foreign policy, but he manages to worry both economic and social conservatives. How did he become the prohibitive front-runner?

The business establishment may have been rooting for him in the immigration battles that so poisoned his ties to social conservatives, but on plenty of issues -- from global warming to consumer protection -- he is far more favorably disposed toward government regulation than your typical economic conservative Republican is supposed to be. He also has a populist streak that was apparent in his initial opposition to the Bush tax cuts, saying they favored the rich. McCain is pro-life, but to social conservatives, beyond immigration, he just comes across as too irreverent, and he wasn't shy about taking on politicized religion during his 2000 candidacy.

To further confuse matters this election cycle, the darling of social conservatives, Mike Huckabee, is suspect to economic conservatives because of his record on taxes as governor of Arkansas.

Iraq seems to be the one unifying theme in the GOP these days, but these other issues keep getting in the way of unity. No wonder they miss Reagan so much.

Dear Stumped,

The issue I'm most focused on this election is foreign policy. I'd prefer the U.S. to be non-interventionist, but I worry it might be for the wrong reasons. Is it selfish to vote for whichever candidate will lead me to being shunned the least when I travel abroad?

-- Nash Robinson

Dear Nash,

I can relate. I first visited Vietnam while the U.S. and its NATO allies were bombing Belgrade in 1999. Most people were perfectly nice, but I did encounter some hostility in Hanoi, where the subject of American bombing is a particularly sore one.

On the other hand, generations of Americans have received a warm welcome in many places, from Holland to Kuwait, where past U.S. interventions were deemed more benign. I'm not sure how Grenadians feel about us -- or if that's how the people of Grenada refer to themselves -- but I am sure Parisian waiters would be even surlier if we hadn't rescued their country twice in the 20th century.

Then there's always Canada. No, no, we haven't intervened up there recently -- what I am saying is that Canada offers a false alibi when overseas. Just practice your pronunciation of the word "about" (it's "a-BOOT"); if things get dicey, you can always say you're Canadian.

Because yes, you don't want to vote for Ron Paul-style isolationism (unless you're into that sort of thing on its merits) simply to feel more comfortable on the road.

Dear Stumped,

All of my friends are liberals except for two. I went to a liberal high school, where Republicans were shunned. Now at college, I feel close-minded by continuing to surround myself with liberal views. Is it necessary to surround myself with multiple viewpoints to be a well-rounded, well-informed person?

-- Remy Tumin

Dear Remy,

I think you're onto something. This is why colleges offer junior-year abroad programs. Expand your horizons! Spend some time in a red state!

If you're like me, a little contrarian, being in a somewhat alien environment will help you shore up your convictions. I felt most liberal when living in Dallas, and most conservative when living in the Upper West Side of Manhattan.

By Andres Martinez |  February 8, 2008; 12:00 AM ET
Previous: Has John McCain Accepted Jesus? | Next: Which Party Is More Divided?

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Great article! Also, check out the article "Romney's 'Huckattack" on www.SavagePolitics.com. Here is an excerpt: "Mitt Romney's exit from the Presidential race was already expected. His campaign knew that it was very important for Romney's reputation to remove himself from further embarrassment, and thus ensure a clean slate for his next bid towards the White House. Although he did create some impressive waves amongst many Social Conservatives, who chose to believe his political posturing, his campaign never made the impact that it needed to achieve a complete victory. Realistically, he would probably never have made much inroads in the first place if it wasn't for John McCain's apparent Liberalism and unpopularity amongst Conservatives. Today, only Ron Paul and Mike Huckabee remain against McCain, men who the Media has always taken for granted, dismissing their campaigns as "radical" whims and relegating them to the bottom of the list in exposure and respect. Even so, Huckabee, who has always been the candidate with the least money (with the comical exception of Mike Gravel), has nonetheless survived most of the other "serious" candidates on the race; Thompson and Giuliani. Should Huckabee succumb to the Media and his Party's pressure to give up his run for the nomination? To Huckabee, this may sound a bit insulting when you consider the fact that he has been consistently underestimated throughout this election. Now, if he wants to increase his almost impossible odds, he needs to seek Romney's endorsement, in an attempt to accumulate enough delegates (around 500 if Romney joins Huckabee) and face the upcoming primaries with a competitive number of delegates. What are Huckabee's possibilities? What would be the consequence of such a strange victory?..." Get the rest at http://savagepolitics.com/?p=80

Posted by: Elsy | February 10, 2008 10:15 AM

Mr. Martinez-

The icon for this forum is rather offensive, cf. donkey and elephant. It implies that the GOP is the butt of the WaPo's jokes.

Posted by: NA | February 10, 2008 6:53 AM

John asks below, "Is it true conservatives only look at the 20% they disagree on and overlook the 80% they agree on?"

John has zeroed in on a distinguishing trait of today's political conservatives: their emphasis on ideological purity. The absolutism they deplore inside grad schools, where politics really is just academic, is no different from the primacy of principle they laud in themselves and fault political liberals for lacking.

Posted by: jhbyer | February 8, 2008 9:24 PM

Paul S., the country clubs I've had occasion to spend time in have had memberships that were overwhelmingly Republican, which is not to say none were liberal Republicans especially by today's GOP standard.

Posted by: jhbyer | February 8, 2008 8:19 PM

tboyer, for your clear, accurate map of the trajectory of the GOP, thanks.

Posted by: jhbyer | February 8, 2008 8:04 PM

When Andres says conservatives watch NASCAR, that's bigoted. But when Ego Nemo says that they're poor, church-going non-college types...well that's just good solid research.

Thanks for clearing that up, Ego. Big difference.

Posted by: Jeff | February 8, 2008 6:38 PM

Very nice explanation of the three strands, Andres, but I think you -- like a lot of journalists -- tend to forget the recent historical context -- the Republican party has moved several miles to the right since Reagan's presidency.

Reagan's Supreme Court appointees would have been regarded as liberals by the Bush White House. Edwin Meese -- thought of as very conservative in his day -- would never have cavorted with the White House political adviser on ways to use the Justice Department to help the GOP.

Reagan foreign policy moderated a great deal under Jim Baker -- today's foreign policy conservatives would never have kissed up to Gorbachev.

Finally, as I recall Reagan, economic conservative as he was, never would have tried to abolish Social Security. I'm certain on immigration Reagan would not be trying to deport 2 million people -- he would try for a middle ground like Bush.

It's funny, I think McCain is probably pretty close to Reagan on a lot of issues but today's GOP has moved to the right of him.

Posted by: tboyer | February 8, 2008 1:31 PM

The more I've thought about this post today, the more upset I get.
This post doesn't give information -- it teaches bigotry.
It says, see, this is what we call these folks -- this is how we define these other folks.
It's a stereotype training manual masquerading as journalism. It's really, really awful.

Posted by: Ego Nemo | February 8, 2008 1:11 PM

Pure claptrap unworthy of the Post.
Unworthy of anything that wishes to pass for informed commentary in the United States.
Bigoted and unresearched.
A waste of bandwidth.

Posted by: Yikes | February 8, 2008 1:08 PM

According to Peter Novack, Sen. McCain and Sen. Thad Cochran from Mississippi both voted conservative on 80% of their votes. But McCain and Cochran are 100% the opposite on "Pork Barrel" earmarks.

Is it true that conservatives only look at the 20% they disagree on, and overlook the 80% they agree on?

Posted by: John | February 8, 2008 12:53 PM

Actaully there is a 4th definitiion..
LARGE C - conservative.

Which has nothing to do but confuse the other Conservatives with a Cloaked WORD of CONservative..who do a great job of STOP THINKing with the other conservatives.
ASk no questions or otherwise you will be labled as LIBERAL...

ISSA

Posted by: ISSA | February 8, 2008 12:30 PM

"They tend to hang out at Country Clubs"

Actually they tend to hang out at the office, as most of the time you are talking about small business men and women who put in long hours to keep their company afloat.

I actually feel like the country club croud tends to be liberal more often than conservative.


Posted by: Paul S. | February 8, 2008 11:49 AM

"Country club Episcopalians"? You are about 50 years behind the times. Those folks began to leave when the church took a strong stand during the civil rights fight and they have continued to leave over women priests and homosexuality. I guess you haven't been to an Episcopal U-2charist with the music of Bono and the message of support for the Millennium Development Goals. Most Episcopalians have grown-up and take mission and ministry seriously and don't attend church to be seen with "society" types.

Posted by: Jane | February 8, 2008 10:51 AM

I say, no thanks.
We've got stereotyping and bigotry masked as political analysis here.
Fiscal conservatives are usually at country clubs and are Episcopalians? Religious conservatives are usually at church and go for Nascar?
As a scientist friend is fond of saying to me: Where is your data?
You seem to have a delightful time spelling out stereotypes that are unchanged from the age of Eisenhower.
Based on more recent data, I'd conjure the largest group of self-defined conservatives are what you might consider poor -- middle- to low-middle income workers, with high school educations, some enlisted military experience and a strong religious preference (although the largest identifiable group would be Roman Catholic, not Protestant or evangelical Christian).
You haven't explained the real situation, just defined the stereotypes weak intellects have used for 50 years to pigeonhole people they don't understand.
And for the record, I consider myself a liberal.

Posted by: Ego Nemo | February 8, 2008 9:51 AM

Thanks, Andres, for parsing a division often missed between conservatives who might be said to exploit illegals and those who feel exploited by them. The latter are categorized as social conservatives who self-define themselves as moral, though by Jesus' standards their view of illegals is anything but. The former might properly be called economically liberal (gasp!) except a curious goal of Republicans is to be called a true conservative. They fault Bush for not being conservative enough not for torturing people, which Democrats consider unChristian. Not so Republicans for whom the domain of language is not reality but language.

Posted by: jhbyer | February 8, 2008 1:08 AM

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